1. What are three important components of reading?
   
   
2. What strategies do skilled readers use as they read to decode unfamiliar words?
   
   
3. What are the key elements of decoding instruction, and how can these elements can be integrated into a daily lesson plan?
   
   
4. Name and describe each of the six syllable types and the four major syllable division patterns. Name 10 examples of each of the following: prefixes, suffixes, roots, and combining forms.
   
   
5. Why is fluent reading important to comprehension, and how can it be improved?

Number a sheet of notebook paper from 1 to 45 and complete the following statements:

1. The relationship between printed letters and speech sounds is know as the _________________.
   
   
2. ______________% of students will not intuit the alphabetic principle.
   
   
3. The ease and automaticity with which a skilled read is able to read individual words is known as _____________________________________________.
   
   
4. Evidence suggests that ___________________ is not used as a primary strategy by skilled readers for word recognition.
   
   
5. Content words are predictable only _____________% of the time.
   
   
6. A                                                                  is prolonged in its production (e.g., /m/, /s/, /f/).
   
   
7. A ______________________is produced by forcing air out through the nose (e.g., /m/, /n/, /ng/).
   
   
8. A _____________________ is produced by forcing air through a narrow opening between the teeth or lips (e.g., /f/, /v/)
   
   
9. The blending of speech sounds into units is termed ________________________.
   
   
10. A word made from the addition of one or more affixes to a base word or root is called a                                      .
    
    
11. Two adjacent letters that represent one speech sound is a ______________ .
    
    
12. A word whose orthographic representation does not match its pronunciation is _____________________.
    
    
13. The ___________________ is the initial written or spoken single consonant or consonant cluster in a word before the vowel in a syllable.
    
    
14. The _________________________ is the written or spoken vowel and the final consonant(s) in a syllable.
    
    
15. An unaccented vowel whose pronunciation approximates /ŭ/ is called                                                 .
    
    
16. A consonant with a complete obstruction of air during production is a ___________________ consonant.
    
    
17. A word that emphasizes a particular letter–sound association and serves to unlock a student’s association of the letter and its sound is a ______________________.
    
    
18. Three adjacent letters that represent one speech sound is a ________________.
    
    
19. A word or part of a word made with one impulse of the voice is a                                                                    .
    
    
20. A consonant sound articulated with vocal vibration is _____________________.
    
    
21. The blending of speech sounds into units is termed ________________________.
    
    
22. ______________________________ refers to a released position of the tongue or lips during production of a speech sound.
    
    
23. A _________________________ consists of four adjacent letters that represent one speech sound.
    
    
24. Four vowel pairs that are referred to as diphthongs are _______, _______, ______, _______.
    
    
25. A diacritical marking above a vowel that indicates the vowel is short is called a __________________.
    
    
26. A diacritical marking above a vowel that indicates the vowel is long is called a __________________.
    
    
27. The six types of syllables are: _________________________________________.
    
    
28. The two syllable division patterns represented in the word porcupine are: _____________________________.
    
    
29. The three syllable types represented in the word porcupine are: _____________________________.
    
    
30. A _____________________ is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning.
    
    
31. A letter or group of letters attached to the end of a base word to change its form or usage is called a _____________________________.
    
    
32. An ending added to the end of a word that shows tense, number, person, plural, or possessive is an ____________________________________________.
    
    
33. A prefix that ends in a vowel is a _______________________________ prefix.
    
    
34. A prefix that ends in a consonant is a ___________________________ prefix.
    
    
35. The word salamander has ______ syllables and ______ morphemes.
    
    
36. The word instructor has ______syllables and ______ morphemes.
    
    
37. The presentation of new materials and concepts in a manner that leads students to deduce or discover the new information is called ________________________.
    
    
38. ___________________ refers to the sensitivity to and memory of muscle movement.
    
    
39. A memory for words and letter patterns is referred to as an _________________ memory.
    
    
40. A                                                              syllable ends in at least one consonant after one vowel.
    
    
41. Words derived from proper names are called                                                   .
    
    
42. Two advantages for treating -ture, -age, -sion, and -tion as final stable syllables in initial reading instruction are ________________and _________________.
    
    
43. An adequate reading rate for a third grader is                                                  .
    
    
44. The rhythmic flow of oral reading is known as                                                                .
    
    
45. The “self-teaching mechanism” is _____________________________________.