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14: Muscles, Bones, and Nerves: The Body's Framework
Study Questions
- In general, what are the goals of orthopedic management in a child with a disability?
- During a school screening exam for scoliosis, what physical clues might the examiner use to detect early curvature of the spine?
- Successful nonsurgical treatment for developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) can be achieved with what device? Why is early detection of DDH important? Is DDH more common in girls or boys?
- What is a pathologic fracture? List some medical conditions that can result in susceptibility for pathologic fracture.
- With regards to bone, what is “remodeling?” What is the result of remodeling?
- What is the main function of skeletal muscle? Define agonist and antagonist muscles.
- What is the result of a defect anywhere in the neuromuscular system? What are some diseases of the anterior horn cells?
- Compare and contrast malformation and deformation. Give examples of each.
- Discuss some of the general principles involved in treating bone fractures. What is the process by which healing takes place in bone? What is the significance of the Salter-Harris classification system? What might you expect to see in a child with a fracture through his or her growth plate (physis)?
- What muscular disease would you suspect in a preschool-age child who was reportedly typical at birth but is now demonstrating progressive muscular weakness and has enlarged calves?
- What disease of the neuromuscular junction would you suspect in an individual with droopy eyelids who feels strong in the mornings but becomes progressively weaker throughout the day? How is this disease treated? Why is immunotherapy not helpful in the inherited form of this disease?
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