Upon completion of this chapter, the reader will:

• understand the impact of the disease of addiction on a woman and her fetus during pregnancy
  
  
• be able to describe the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, nicotine, and illicit drugs of abuse on the newborn
  
  
• be aware of the neurodevelopmental alterations in infancy associated with in utero exposure to drugs of abuse, including cocaine, opiates, marijuana, and phencyclidine
  
  
• be knowledgeable about the role of prevention and aware of the most effective multidisciplinary intervention strategies utilized in this area