Upon completion of this chapter, the reader will:

• be knowledgeable about the indications, risks, and limitations of maternal serum screening for birth defects, ultrasonography, fetal magnetic resonance imaging, and echocar-diography
  
  
• understand the techniques of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling and be able to determine when invasive diagnostic testing is indicated
  
  
• be familiar with alternative reproductive techniques and realize in what circumstances couples might benefit from such technologies
  
  
• become familiar with current approaches to fetal therapy
  
  
• be sensitive to the psychosocial needs of families who are at increased risk for bearing children with genetic disorders or birth defects